Determinants of professionalism among nurses in a developing country

Abstract
Background: Professionalism serves as a means for categorizing the work, controlling the workers and is related to the quality of practice. It holds significant value to every professional, from the entry day into the profession until retirement from active practice; and is imperative for winning the trust of clients and society. This study focused on identifying the influence of determinants on professionalism among nurses using the concept of Social cognitive theory: An agentic perceptive by Bandura.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data was collected from 749 registered nurses employed across different work settings and selected using proportionate random sampling method. Data was gathered using the Nurse Professionalism Scale, Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, Practice Environment Scale and Porter Nursing Image Scale.
Results: Data analysed using Structural Equation Modeling in AMOS version 22 indicate that emotional intelligence (Standard regression weights = 0.339; P<0.001), nurse practice environment (Standard regression weights = 0.227; P<0.001) and nurses’ perceived image of a nurse (Standard regression weights = 0.089; P<0.10) has significant positive influence on professionalism among nurses.
Conclusion: The study shows a significant influence of emotional intelligence, followed by influence of nurse practice environment and nurses’ perceived image of a nurse on professionalism among nurses thus supporting the concept that personal and environmental determinants influence behaviour according to social cognitive theory. In the light of the findings managerial implications and directions for future research have been discussed.

Keywords
professionalism, social cognitive theory, perceived image of a nurse, nurse practice environment, emotional intelligence

Cite this paper
Ana Vaz de Braganca, R. Nirmala, Determinants of professionalism among nurses in a developing country , SCIREA Journal of Clinical Medicine. Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2022 | PP. 139-151. 10.54647/cm32782

References

[ 1 ]	Lombarts KM, Plochg T, Thompson CA, Arah OA, DUQuE Project Consortium. Measuring professionalism in medicine and nursing: results of a European survey. PloS one. 2014 May 21;9(5):e97069.
[ 2 ]	San-Martín M, Delgado-Bolton R, Vivanco L. Professionalism and occupational well-being: similarities and differences among Latin American health professionals. Frontiers in psychology. 2017 Jan 25;8:63.
[ 3 ]	Skela-Savic B. Professionalism in nursing: what is its current level in Slovenia?/Profesionalizem v zdravstveni negi: kje smo z njim?. Obzornik zdravstvene nege. 2016;50(1):4.
[ 4 ]	Dikmen Y, Karataş H, Arslan GG, Ak B. The level of professionalism of nurses working in a hospital in Turkey. Journal of caring sciences. 2016 Jun;5(2):95.
[ 5 ]	Solomon Y, Beker J, Belachew T. Professionalism and its predictors among nurses working in Jimma Zone Public Hospitals, South West Ethiopia. Journal of Nursing and Care. 2015;5(4):292.
[ 6 ]	Zakari NM, Al Khamis NI, Hamadi HY. Conflict and professionalism: perceptions among nurses in Saudi Arabia. International nursing review. 2010 Sep;57(3):297-304.
[ 7 ]	Zibrik KJ, MacLeod ML, Zimmer LV. Professionalism in rural acute-care nursing. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Archive. 2010 Mar 15:20-37.
[ 8 ]	Jang I, Kim Y, Kim K. Professionalism and professional quality of life for oncology nurses. Journal of clinical nursing. 2016 Oct;25(19-20):2835-45.
[ 9 ]	Stewart RD. Nursing Professionalism: The View from the Starting Line (Doctoral dissertation, University of Calgary (Canada)).
[ 10 ]	Wuerz LA. The Influence of Leadership on Nursing Professionalism (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University).
[ 11 ]	Bandura A. Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Asian journal of social psychology. 1999 Apr;2(1):21-41.
[ 12 ]	Braganca AV, Nirmala R. Nurse Professionalism Scale: Development and Psychometric Evaluation. The Nursing Journal of India. 2020 Nov-Dec, CXI (6):257-260.
[ 13 ]	Wong CS, Law KS. The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study. In Leadership Perspectives 2017 May 15 (pp. 97-128). Routledge.
[ 14 ]	Lake ET. Development of the practice environment scale of the nursing work index. Research in nursing & health. 2002 Jun;25(3):176-88.
[ 15 ]	Porter RT, Porter MJ. Career development: Our professional responsibility. Journal of Professional Nursing. 1991 Jul 1;7(4):208-12.
[ 16 ]	Kafetsios K, Zampetakis LA. Emotional intelligence and job satisfaction: Testing the mediatory role of positive and negative affect at work. Personality and individual differences. 2008 Feb 1;44(3):712-22.
[ 17 ]	Güleryüz G, Güney S, Aydın EM, Aşan Ö. The mediating effect of job satisfaction between emotional intelligence and organisational commitment of nurses: A questionnaire survey. International journal of nursing studies. 2008 Nov1;45(11):1625-35.
[ 18 ]	Kaur D, Sambasivan M, Kumar N. Impact of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence on the caring behavior of nurses: a dimension-level exploratory study among public hospitals in Malaysia. Applied Nursing Research. 2015 Nov 1;28(4):293-8.
[ 19 ]	Deshpande SP, Joseph J. Impact of emotional intelligence, ethical climate, and behavior of peers on ethical behavior of nurses. Journal of Business Ethics. 2009 Mar;85(3):403-10.
[ 20 ]	Carmeli A. The relationship between emotional intelligence and work attitudes, behavior and outcomes: An examination among senior managers. Journal of managerial Psychology. 2003 Dec 1.
[ 21 ]	Manojlovich M, Ketefian S. The effects of organizational culture on nursing professionalism: Implications for health resource planning. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Archive. 2002.
[ 22 ]	Fantahun A, Demessie A, Gebrekirstos K, Zemene A, Yetayeh G. A cross sectional study on factors influencing professionalism in nursing among nurses in Mekelle Public Hospitals, North Ethiopia, 2012. BMC nursing. 2014 Dec;13(1):1-7.
[ 23 ]	Aron S. Relationship between nurses' job satisfaction and quality of healthcare they deliver. Minnesota State University, Mankato; 2015.
[ 24 ]	Takase M, Maude P, Manias E. Impact of the perceived public image of nursing on nurses’ work behaviour. Journal of advanced Nursing. 2006 Feb;53(3):333-43.
[ 25 ]	Mostafa GM. Implications of stereotypical self and public nursing image on performance of nurses and nursing students. Int J Manag. 2013 May;4(3):151-62.
[ 26 ]	Kim I, Kim J. The relationship between nurse image and nursing professionalism according to nursing students’ gender. Advanced Science and Technology Letters. 2016;32:30-6.