Now, We Understand: The Perceptions of Elementary Dyslexia Interventionists on the Intersectionality of Dyslexia and Culturally Responsive Teaching

Volume 8, Issue 1, February 2023     |     PP. 1-23      |     PDF (250 K)    |     Pub. Date: January 25, 2023
DOI: 10.54647/education88389    113 Downloads     4392 Views  

Author(s)

Shannon Treadville, University of Houston, United States
Laveria Hutchison, University of Houston, United States
Tyrone Tanner, Prairie View A & M University, United States

Abstract
Dyslexia intervention, which is needed for one in five children worldwide, and culturally responsive teaching practices (CRT) require explicit instruction for implementation with elementary students with dyslexia characteristics. Culturally responsive teaching practices recognize the importance of including the cultural backgrounds and identities of students when planning and implementing instruction. This is a qualitative study aimed to examine the perceptions of elementary dyslexia interventionists towards the use of incorporating culturally responsive teaching into their practice. Data were collected by engaging five elementary dyslexia interventionists in a focus group interview to gain information used to plan and to implement culturally responsive professional development that was followed by individual interviews and classroom observations. To ensure reliability, the authors of this article first independently coded data to identify initial themes and then discussed our coding findings until we reached 100% interscorer agreement. Next, the initial themes were organized by their significance and developing categories. Again, the authors independently coded and determined the five themes reported in this study. The results of this study reveal the perceptions of dyslexia interventionists to be at a high degree of confidence and fidelity in integrating CRT practices into their instruction. Ladson-Billings’ influence regarding CRT assisted the authors in identifying ways to provide a more impactful conversation about dyslexia instructions that incorporates using CRT practices with students with dyslexia characteristics.

Keywords
dyslexia, culturally responsive teaching, interventionist, professional development

Cite this paper
Shannon Treadville, Laveria Hutchison, Tyrone Tanner, Now, We Understand: The Perceptions of Elementary Dyslexia Interventionists on the Intersectionality of Dyslexia and Culturally Responsive Teaching , SCIREA Journal of Education. Volume 8, Issue 1, February 2023 | PP. 1-23. 10.54647/education88389

References

[ 1 ] Author. (2020).
[ 2 ] Colleague & Author. (2021).
[ 3 ] Banks, J. (1994). Multiethnic education: Theory and practice (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
[ 4 ] Bonner, E. (2009). Achieving success with African American learners: a framework for culturally responsive mathematics teaching. (Report). Childhood Education, 86(1), 2–6.
[ 5 ] Bonner, P. J., Warren, S. R., & Jiang, Y. H. (2018). Voices From Urban Classrooms: Teachers’ Perceptions on Instructing Diverse Students and Using Culturally Responsive Teaching. Education and Urban Society, 50(8), 697–726.
[ 6 ] Bradley, B., & Reinking, D. (2011). Enhancing research and practice in early childhood through formative and design experiments. Early Child Development and Care, 181, 305-319.
[ 7 ] Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
[ 8 ] Cartledge G, Kourea L. (2008). Culturally responsive classrooms for culturally diverse students with and at risk for disabilities. Exceptional Children, 74(3), 351-371.
[ 9 ] Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
[ 10 ] Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2017). Effective Teacher Professional Development. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute.
[ 11 ] D’Mello, A. M., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2018). Cognitive Neuroscience of Dyslexia. Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools, 49(4), 798–809.
[ 12 ] Duckworth, V. & Ade-ojo, G. (2016). Journey through transformation: A case study of two literacy learners. Journal of Transformative Education, 14(4), 285-304.
[ 13 ] Elliott, J., & Grigorenko, E. (2014). The dyslexia debate. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
[ 14 ] Esteban-Guitart M, Moll LC. (2014). Lived experience, funds of identity and education. Culture and Psychology, 20(1), 70-81.
[ 15 ] Fisher, D., & Frey, N. (2008). Homework and the gradual release of responsibility: Making “responsibility” possible. The English Journal, 98(2), 40-45.
[ 16 ] Folk, A. L. (2018). Drawing on students’ funds of knowledge: Using identity and lived experiences to join the conversion in research assignments. Journal of Information Literacy, 12(2), 44-59. https://doi.org/10.11645/12.2.2468
[ 17 ] Gay, G. (2002). Preparing for culturally responsive teaching. (2001 AACTE Outstanding Writing Award Recipient). Journal of Teacher Education, 53(2), 106–116.
[ 18 ] Gay, G. (2010). Acting on beliefs in teacher education for cultural diversity. (Report). Journal of Teacher Education, 61(1 2).
[ 19 ] Gay, G. (2018). Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research, and practice. Print. Multicultural Education Ser. (New York, N.Y.).
[ 20 ] Griner, A. C. & Stewart, M. L. (2013). Addressing the achievement gap and disproportionality through the use of culturally responsive teaching practices. Urban Education, 48(4), 585-621.
[ 21 ] Guskey, T. (2010). Professional Development and Teacher Change. Teachers and Teaching, 8(3), 381–391.
[ 22 ] Hart, B., & Risley, T.R., (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experiences of young american children. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing.
[ 23 ] Hamel, C., & Viau-Guay. (2019). Using video to support teachers’ reflective practice: A literature review. Cogent Education, 6(1), 1673689.
[ 24 ] Hammond, Z. & Jackson, Y. (2015). Culturally responsive teaching and the brain: promoting authentic engagement and rigor among culturally and linguistically diverse students. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin, a SAGE Company.
[ 25 ] Hirsh, S. (2009). A new definition. The Journal of Staff Development, 30(4), 10–14.
[ 26 ] Howard, T. C. (2003). Culturally relevant pedagogy: Ingredients for critical teacher reflection. Theory Into Practice, 42(3), 195–202.
[ 27 ] Hudson, R., High, L., & Al Otaiba, S. (2007). Dyslexia and the brain: What does current research tell us? The Reading Teacher, 60(6), 506-515.
[ 28 ] Kang B. (2021). How the COVID-19 pandemic is reshaping the education service. The Future of Service Post-COVID-19 Pandemic, Volume 1, 15-36. Published 2021 Feb 9.
[ 29 ] Keith, T. & Reynolds, C. (1990). Measurement and design issues in child assessment research. In C. R. Reynolds & R. W. Kamphaus (Eds.). Handbook of Psychological and Educational Assessment of Children: Intelligence and Achievement (pp. 29-61), New York: Guilford Press.
[ 30 ] Kozleski, E. (2010). Culturally Responsive Teaching Matters. Equity Alliance.
[ 31 ] Parsons, S. A., 2012. Adaptive teaching in literacy instruction: Case studies of two teachers. Journal of Literacy Research, 44(2), 149-170.
[ 32 ] Kena, G., Hussar W., McFarland J., de Brey C., Musu-Gillette, L., Wang, X., Zhang, J., Rathbun, A., Wilkinson-Flicker, S., Diliberti, M., Barmer, A., Bullock Mann, F., & Dunlop Velez, E. (2016). The Condition of Education 2016 (NCES 2016-144). U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Washington, DC.
[ 33 ] Keesey, S. (2020). Effective Instruction for Students With Dyslexia and Related Learning Struggles. Kentucky Teacher Education Journal: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Kentucky Council for Exceptional Children, 7(1), 3.
[ 34 ] Kozleski, E. (2010). Culturally responsive teaching matters. MN: Equity Alliance.
[ 35 ] Ladson-Billings, G. (1995). But that’s just good teaching! The case for culturally relevant pedagogy. Theory Into Practice, 34(3), 159-165.
[ 36 ] Lyon, G. R., Shaywitz, S. E., & Shaywitz, B. A. (2003). A definition of dyslexia. Annals of Dyslexia, 53, 1–14.
[ 37 ] Mather, N., & Wendling, B. (2012). Essentials of dyslexia assessment and intervention. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley.
[ 38 ] Milner, R. H., IV. (2011). Culturally relevant pedagogy in a diverse urban classroom. Urban Review, 43, 66-89.
[ 39 ] Morgan, W. P. (1896). A case of congenital word blindness. British Medical Journal, 2(1871), 1378.
[ 40 ] Muijs, D. & Reynolds, D. (2015). Teachers’ beliefs and behaviors: What really matters? The Journal of Classroom Interaction, 50(1), 25–40.
[ 41 ] Musu-Gillette, L., Robinson, J., McFarland, J., KewalRamani, A., Zhang, A., & Wilkinson-Flicker, S. (2016). Status and trends in the education of racial and ethnic groups 2016. Jessup, MD: National Center for Education Statistics.
[ 42 ] Olafson, L., Grandy, C., & Owens, M. (2015). Qualitative approaches to studying teachers’ beliefs. In H. Fives & M. G. Gill (Eds.). International Handbook of Research on Teachers’ Beliefs (pp. 128-149). New York: Routledge.
[ 43 ] Pennington, B. F. (1991). Diagnosing learning disorders: A neuropsychological perspective. New York: The Guilford Press.
[ 44 ] Rhodes, C., & Schmidt, S. (2018). Culturally Responsive Teaching in the Online Classroom. ELearn Magazine, 2018(11).
[ 45 ] Saldaña, J. (2011). Fundamentals of qualitative research. Oxford University Press.
[ 46 ] Shaywitz, S. (2003). Overcoming dyslexia: a new and complete science-based program for reading problems at any level (First edition.). New York: A.A. Knopf.
[ 47 ] Shaywitz, S. E., & Shaywitz, J. (2020). Overcoming dyslexia: a major update and revision of the essential program for reading problems at any level, incorporating the latest breakthroughs in science, educational methods, technology, and legal accommodations (2nd edition.). Alfred A. Knopf.
[ 48 ] Sousa, D. (2015). How the special needs brain learns to read (Third edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin & Sage.
[ 49 ] Stanovich, K. (1994). Does dyslexia exist? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, 579-595. Doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01208.x
[ 50 ] The National Assessment of Educational Progress. (2020). American Psychological Association. New York.
[ 51 ] Truman, S. (2016). Becoming more than it never (actually) was: Expressive writing as research-Creation. Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogy, 13(2), 136-143.
[ 52 ] Wadlington, E., & Wadlington, P. (2005). What educators really believe about dyslexia. Reading Improvement, 42, 16-33.
[ 53 ] Walter. J. S. (2018). Global perspectives: Making the shift from multiculturalism to culturally responsive teaching. General Music Today, 31(2), 24-28.